What Are NVMe Drives, and Should You Buy One?

The biggest upgrade you can make to your old PC is faster storage. 

Back in 2016, I wrote in an earlier blog about Advantages of SSD over HDD. Since that entry the storage technology has advanced in leaps and bounds. We went from Mechanical Hard Drive storage to Solid State Drives to NVMe (Non Volatile Memory Express)

"Non-Volatile" means the storage isn't erased when your computer reboots, while "Express" refers to the fact that the data travels over the PCI Express (PCIe) interface on your computer's motherboard.

By attaching the storage directly onto the motherboard you've increased the data access speed bypassing PCI and USB data limits.

NVMe drives are much,much faster than the SATA drives that have been around for years.

Lets check out a comparison: 

SATA SSD:
One of the fastest SATA SSDs---the Samsung 870 EVO---tops out at read and write speeds of about 560MBps. Nothing really to write home about here.

NVMe Drives:
The speed of these drives are dependent on the PCIe slot it uses. 

The maximum speed for an NVMe PCIe 3.0 (aka Gen 3) SSD is up to 3,500MB per second, while a NVMe PCIe 4.0 (aka Gen 4) SSD can hit up to 7,500MB per second.

Because of the bandwidth used, these little sticks are perfect for gaming and video editing.
NVMe drives come in a couple of different form factors. The most common of these is the m.2 stick, shown above. You can compare them to the size of a stick of gum.

 

The're 22 mm wide and can be 30, 42, 60, 80 or 100mm long. These sticks are thin enough to lay flat on a motherboard, so they're perfect for small form factor computers and laptops.

 

Installing a NVMe drive is very simple but keep in mind that some SATA SSDs use this same form factor, so you'll want to pay close attention and make sure you don't mistakenly buy the slower drive. The Samsung 970 EVO is an example of an m.2 NVMe drive.

If you have the extra cash and the motherboard has the m.2 slot available, I'd recommend getting a NVMe drive. This will upgrade the performance of your PC and blow past the 600Mbps of the old SATA limits.

How To: Resolving Printer Issues

 

I have a love/hate relationship with technology.

I love the next coolest gadget, but I find that sometimes these things have minds of their own.

Take printers for example. A printer can be a dependable machine making copies, scanning to your PC and printing one day, and the next day you end up getting an error. And you didn't even touch it!

What exactly does 'Error 11' mean on that HP printer mean? And if the paper is out, why doesn't it just tell me that!?? (This is the hate portion of the relationship)
Figuring out the issue is half the battle, the other is trying to figure out a solution to get it working properly.

Here are a few troubleshooting steps to resolve printer issues.
1. Check your printer error lights; Most manufactures nowadays have lights on the front panel that indicate what the issue is. You may have to refer to the manual to determine what lights mean what. If you no longer have the manual you may have to go online and search the manufactures website to download the PDF version.

2. Clear the printer queue; Often the holdup in being unable to print is previous documents in the printer queue which failed to print. Documents are printed in the order the Queue receives them. It's much like a traffic jam. If the front car doesn't move, no other cars go forward either.

     a. Click the Start Menu, and in the Search Bar type "Printers & Scanners'
     b. Select and click on your printer, and click 'Open Print Queue' - if there are documents listed, click the menu 'Printer' and click 'Cancel All Documents' 

3. Run the troubleshooter; Windows provides excellent troubleshooter programs for situations like this. 
     a. Under Settings, 'Printers & Scanners', click on your printer. 
     b. Click 'Run the Troubleshooter'. 
This is an automated process which goes thru certain steps. It checks the connection to the printer (wireless or USB), that Windows is communicating to the printer, stops and restarts the printer spooler (a small application that manages documents being printed), checks the network and others steps involved.

These three steps alone should get your printer back up and running. But is that's not the case you may need to reinstall the printer software and drivers.

Tech News: Is Windows 12 around the corner?

Thats the big question running around the PC industry speculating if Microsoft has a big surprise that's soon to be released.

Corporations likes to keep secrets until the last moment, and Microsoft is no exception with rumors swirling around that the software giant is working on Windows 12.

According to some reports, the next major version of Windows is going to launch at some point in 2024, roughly three years after Windows 11's debut. 

That's all the info that's out for now, and it might be a while before there's any more information. If past releases are any indication, Windows 12 should arrive in the fall, or at least the second half of the year, but that's not set in stone.

(By the way, Windows 10 support officially ends in 2025......Time flies, right?)

So how did this all come about? It started with a leaked document from Intel, referencing their CPU Meteor Lake chipset compatibility on the Windows platform and it mentions Windows 12 in the compatibility list.

Microsoft has denied the reports that it's working on Windows 12 but considering we're still some time away from its launch, the company could simply be holding its cards close to its chest.

If you're in the Windows Insider Program, you might see Windows 12 features, including a very intelligent AI model called Microsoft Co-Pilot, to show up gradually over the next two years.

Microsoft will likely keep labeling them as Windows 11 features until we're much closer to the release date.

Not every feature in the Insider Program will be part of Windows 12, though, as many of them roll out via smaller updates, but some of them may be looking further ahead. After all, Windows 11 was a fairly well-kept secret until it was almost finished.

In the meantime, enjoy the newest features released in Windows here.

How to: Task Manager - how to use it

If you find that your system is running slow, before assuming that you have a virus or spyware, first examine what programs are running in the background.

 While it is true that a computer that is slow or freezes may be a possible indication of viruses and/or spyware, let's not jump the gun and assume that automatically.

Lets just open up Task Manager first.

Task Manager is a Windows utility that's been around since Windows 2000. It provides detailed information about background programs, processes, users logged in, services currently running or stopped, network activity as well as CPU and memory usage.

Yeah...it's a pretty decent tool.

Windows Vista Task Manager

Windows 10 Task Manager

1. How exactly do you open it up? 

There are various ways, but the easiest is holding down CTL+SHIFT+ESC. 

True, some will use the CTL+ALT+DEL, but that open up a menu with several selections including Task Manager. 

Lets just keep it simple shall we?..... CTL+SHIFT+ESC

2. When you open Task Manager up, you'll see 6 tabs....Applications, Processes,

Services, Performance, Networking, Users.

3. Click the Processes tab

4. This tab will show you what programs and processes are running in the background.

5. You can end/terminate one by RIGHT clicking and selecting End Process.

Win 11 Task manager

Now you may ask, "That's great, but which ones can I end... and why would I want to end a process?"

Those are good questions. If your computer is running slow, you may end a process here to free up memory.

Which ones should you end? 

It takes a keen eye to determine which ones exactly to end, however the ones listed as a System or Administrator process should NOT be stopped such as 'explorer.exe', 'winlogon.exe' or 'services.exe'.

'Spooler.exe' is a safe one to end only if you do not plan to print anything.

Ones like 'iTuneshelper.exe', 'Jusched.exe' or 'iPodservice.exe' are pretty safe to end as well.

The ones listed as a (your user name) usually are safe to end.

If you find any strange named processes such as "xtshbysa.exe' or 'yzghwtr.exe' chances or that you either have a virus or spyware (or both).

You'll see 'Svchost.exe' likely ALOT. This is a small executable that allows DLL's (Dynamic Link Libraries) to communicate with Windows. Many programs will use this file, however if you see one using excessive memory, end it.

One word of note: Ending ANY of the processes will not damage your computer. End any of these processes and you'll likely free up memory. At worst you 'll have to restart the computer. Ending processes in the task manager is only a temporary way of freeing up memory.

For a more permanent solution use System Configuration. I'll cover that in my next entry.

Originally Posted 03/06/2020

How to: Four simple ways to speed up your Windows PC boot up time

So you turn on the power button to your computer....waiting for Windows to boot.....you see the Manufactures screen......then you see the Windows 10 screen.

Waiting....waiting........you go decide to make a cup of coffee.
You come back.....your desktop has appeared.....but the hourglass is showing....meaning programs are running in the background. 

OMG!! Two minutes later....."finally!!"

How often have we gone thru that?
Well....it doesn't really have to be that way. In fact, the following steps will trim your Windows boot time from a slow snail's pace to a quick rabbit on caffeine.

Disabling certain startup programs

It's a well-known fact. The longer you have a PC, the more you'll end up downloading programs and software. Some programs that automatically get stored into memory as Windows starts up, slowing the boot time. Printer programs and drivers, antivirus software...and other software.
By disabling some of these programs you can speed up Windows boot time.

1. Right-click (not left click) on the Start Menu, and click "Task Manager"
2. When the Task Manager appears, click on Startup - here is where the current programs assigned by Windows to startup automatically.
3.  Right-click on the program you don't want to start automatically and select Disable

Upgrading your hardware

A second way to speed up your Windows startup is to upgrade your system's hardware.
With desktops, your options in doing this are a little more than if you have a laptop. First, try upgrading your memory. If you have a desktop or laptop running 4gb of RAM, look into possibly upgrading to 6 or 8GB.

To see the status of your memory usage, right-click the taskbar, and select Task Manager. Click the Performance tab: In the lower-left corner, you’ll see how much RAM is in use. If under normal use, the Available option is less than 25 percent of the total, an upgrade may do you some good.

Crucial and Kingston are major PC memory providers and Crucial has a memory diagnostic tool to determine what kind of memory as well as Kingston Memory scanner.

Upgrade from a Hard Drive to a Solid State Drive

As SSDs work with flash memory (the kind that are in USB drives) they can be up to 8 times faster than standard hard drives. This speeds your Windows boot time tremendously.

See my Advantages of SSDs to Hard Drives article for more information on this.

Use Sleep instead of Shut Down

When you have finished with whatever you're doing on your PC, select Sleep instead of completely shutting the computer down.

If you choose Shut Down Windows closes all apps, programs, logs you off and closes the Windows session, and shuts down the computer.

Sleep keeps the Windows session open and uses a low power state (not shutting the PC completely) thereby starting Windows instantly.

Originally posted 4/16/18